> data routing
> data selection
> parallel to serial converter
->For changing Q point dont vary load as gain is effected and dont vary feedback as stabilities effected.
-> we want feedback for DC and dont want feedback for AC.
-> In continuous signals limit included in both where as in discrete the limit is not included in both.
-> System is physically defined as combination of physical elements which produces expected output with the available input.
-> system is defined as transfer function which is the ratio of output by input.
-> ratio of laplace transform of output by laplace transform with inital conditions '0'.
-> almost all systems will not have initial conditions zero.
-> analysis is based on transfer function may prove the system is stable even if internal components are exceeding their ratings.
-> transfer function gives overall status of system but not internal states of the system .
-> It is very difficult to analyse MIMO using transfer function .
REMEDY: state variable technique for all analysys and
synthesis.
-> a system is defined as impulse response.
-> any linear system is described by integral differential equation i.e. nth order differential equation between input and output mathematically
note: analysis of system is by differentiation .but sysnthesis of system is by differentiation.
-> any transform is to convert integral differential equation into linear algebra to ease the analysis.
-> system can also have be defined as an operators which maps the input and output.
-> arrow shows convetional current direction when the junction is forward biased for any device.
-> NOR requres more gates and power dissipation is also more and hence NAND is preferrd to NOR.
-> BJT is a device used as amplifier and switch by the process of transfer of resistance from emitter junction to collector junction using majority and minority carriers.
-> back to back connection of two diodes can be treated as transistor .but can never work as transistor because doping and size of each.
-> CC amplifier is must for impedence matching
-> by default common emitter is taken
-> Ge requires less voltage than silicon radius is large
-> NPN is preferred to PNP because of mobility is large for NPN.
-> In general biasing is defined as forward bias emitter junction and reverse bias collector junction . so that transistor is operated in active region and act as amplifier.
-> DC characterstics does not give a direct relation between output voltage and output. therefore, we need a DC load line.
-> DC load line is also a straight line that passes through
Q.point but with AC slope.
RANDOM: a signal is said to be random signal if the amplitude is not known at certain timings i.e. it is not known completely and it is not unknown completely.
->
> data selection
> parallel to serial converter
->For changing Q point dont vary load as gain is effected and dont vary feedback as stabilities effected.
-> we want feedback for DC and dont want feedback for AC.
-> In continuous signals limit included in both where as in discrete the limit is not included in both.
-> System is physically defined as combination of physical elements which produces expected output with the available input.
-> system is defined as transfer function which is the ratio of output by input.
-> ratio of laplace transform of output by laplace transform with inital conditions '0'.
-> almost all systems will not have initial conditions zero.
-> analysis is based on transfer function may prove the system is stable even if internal components are exceeding their ratings.
-> transfer function gives overall status of system but not internal states of the system .
-> It is very difficult to analyse MIMO using transfer function .
REMEDY: state variable technique for all analysys and
synthesis.
-> a system is defined as impulse response.
-> any linear system is described by integral differential equation i.e. nth order differential equation between input and output mathematically
note: analysis of system is by differentiation .but sysnthesis of system is by differentiation.
-> any transform is to convert integral differential equation into linear algebra to ease the analysis.
-> system can also have be defined as an operators which maps the input and output.
-> arrow shows convetional current direction when the junction is forward biased for any device.
-> NOR requres more gates and power dissipation is also more and hence NAND is preferrd to NOR.
-> BJT is a device used as amplifier and switch by the process of transfer of resistance from emitter junction to collector junction using majority and minority carriers.
-> back to back connection of two diodes can be treated as transistor .but can never work as transistor because doping and size of each.
-> CC amplifier is must for impedence matching
-> by default common emitter is taken
-> Ge requires less voltage than silicon radius is large
-> NPN is preferred to PNP because of mobility is large for NPN.
-> In general biasing is defined as forward bias emitter junction and reverse bias collector junction . so that transistor is operated in active region and act as amplifier.
-> DC characterstics does not give a direct relation between output voltage and output. therefore, we need a DC load line.
-> DC load line is also a straight line that passes through
Q.point but with AC slope.
RANDOM: a signal is said to be random signal if the amplitude is not known at certain timings i.e. it is not known completely and it is not unknown completely.
->
